Candida albicans belongs to the genus of yeast fungi and is the most common cause of a fungal infection (candidiasis) of the oral mucosa. It is often present in the normal oral flora. Other representatives are Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata.
Candida albicans is a yeast fungus that is found in the normal, healthy skin and mucous membrane flora of almost all people. Under certain conditions, Candida can grow excessively and thus lead to candidiasis. This can be the case, for example, if the immune system is weakened.
The risk of a yeast infection increases with an already weakened immune system, injuries and changes to the oral mucosa. For example, certain oral mucosal diseases such as lichen planus or leukoplakia can promote candida infection.
Local favorable factors for a Candida infection can be:
The systemic factors include:
A yeast infection in the mouth and throat area is also known as thrush. It is characterized by redness and a whitish, wipeable coating. The underlying mucous membrane is reddened and can often bleed slightly after the plaque is removed. Typical symptoms are dry mouth, burning sensation and taste disturbances.
Diagnosis is based on a clinical examination of the oral mucosa. A swab is taken from the affected area using a sterile cotton swab. The sample taken can then be examined under a microscope. In addition, it is spread on a suitable culture medium and a culture is established. A diagnosis is usually made through a combination of the detection of Candida albicans and typical symptoms.
A healthy lifestyle reduces your own risk of contracting a fungal infection. This includes, for example, a healthy, low-carbohydrate diet. Patients who use asthma sprays containing corticosteroids are advised to rinse their mouth with water. A weakened immune system in otherwise good health can be the sole reason for a Candida albicans infection.
Candidiasis of the oral mucosa can be treated well with medication (antimycotics). As a rule, lozenges and suspensions are used, which are applied directly to the mucous membrane. In some cases, systemic treatment with tablets may be necessary. It is important to use the product correctly over a sufficiently long period of time. The medication should be continued for at least two days after the symptoms have subsided. For prosthesis wearers, the removable prosthesis must always be treated as well.